domingo, 16 de febrero de 2014

PRESENT PERFECT








El presente perfecto equivale más o menos al pretérito perfecto del español. El "present perfect" es un tiempo que sirve para describir acciones que acaban de suceder en el pasado y que guardan alguna relación con el presente.
Para formar el presente perfecto, se usa el verbo auxiliar "to have" en el presente y el participio pasado del verbo. Para verbos regulares, el participio pasado es la forma simple del pasado.
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
PAST PARTICIPLE
I
HAVE
WORKED
YOU
HAVE
WORKED
HE
HAS
WORKED
SHE
HAS
WORKED
IT
HAS
WORKED
WE
HAVE
WORKED
YOU
HAVE
WORKED
THEY
HAVE
WORKED

FORMA CONTRAÍDA
SUBJECT
PAST PARTICIPLE
I’VE
WORKED
YOU’VE
WORKED
HE’S
WORKED
SHE’S
WORKED
IT’S
WORKED
WE’VE
WORKED
YOU’VE
WORKED
THEY’VE
WORKED

Nota 1: Ten en cuenta que hay muchos participios pasados irregulares en inglés. En este caso no se le añade -ed como a los verbos regulares, sino que cambia su forma, ejemplo: buy, bought, bought. El participio sería la tercera forma.
Nota 2: Ten en cuenta que para la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it) el verbo have cambia a has.

La forma negativa se forma con la partícula de negación "not" entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal.
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
NOT
PAST PARTICIPLE
I
HAVE
NOT
WORKED
YOU
HAVE
NOT
WORKED
HE
HAS
NOT
WORKED
SHE
HAS
NOT
WORKED
IT
HAS
NOT
WORKED
WE
HAVE
NOT
WORKED
YOU
HAVE
NOT
WORKED
THEY
HAVE
NOT
WORKED

FORMA CONTRAÍDA
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
PAST PARTICIPLE
I
HAVEN’T
WORKED
YOU
HAVEN’T
WORKED
HE
HASN’T
WORKED
SHE
HASN’T
WORKED
IT
HASN’T
WORKED
WE
HAVEN’T
WORKED
YOU
HAVEN’T
WORKED
THEY
HAVEN’T
WORKED

La forma interrogativa se construye con el auxiliar al comienzo de la oración, seguido del sujeto y del verbo principal:
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT
PAST PARTICIPLE
HAVE
I
WORKED?
HAVE
YOU
WORKED?
HAS
HE
WORKED?
HAS
SHE
WORKED ¿
HAS
IT
WORKED?
HAVE
WE
WORKED?
HAVE
YOU
WORKED?
HAVE
THEY
WORKED?


RESPUESTAS CORTAS
Yes, I have                                                   Yes, she has
No, I haven’t                                                No, she hasn’t

Uses (Usos)

Se usa el presente perfecto para acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no concreto antes de ahora. Por lo tanto, no se suelen usar expresiones de tiempo específicas ("this morning", "yesterday"...). 

En cambio, se puede usar con expresiones de tiempo no concretas ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since", "already", "yet"...)
I have bought a car.
Yo he comprado un coche: nos indica que la acción de comprar el coche acaba de realizarse.






2 comentarios:

  1. Fanny,porque en la pag del libro 133 ejercicio 4A (a) hay que pasar las frases a present perfect y en el ejemplo nos pone he / clean the car -- he´s cleaned the car . Cuando pienso que sería-- he has cleaned the car-- ¿Es así o estoy equibocado ?

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  2. The book is right. They use the contraction. He has cleaned= he's cleaned. It's not the verb to be. :)

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